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Ⅰ. 연구의 배경 및 방법 ··········································································1
1. 연구의 배경 ·································································································1
2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ···················································································3

Ⅱ. 건설업 내·외국인 근로자 현황 ·························································5
1. 통계청 자료 기반 근로자 현황 분석 ·························································5
(1) 건설업 직종별 종사자 현황 ··································································5
(2) 건설업 외국인 취업자 현황 ··································································7
2. 건설근로자공제회 자료 기반 근로자 현황 분석 ······································10
(1) 전체 건설근로자 현황 ···········································································10
(2) 외국인 건설근로자 현황 ········································································12

Ⅲ. 내국인 건설근로자 교육훈련 현황 ··················································15
1. 현 건설근로자 교육훈련 체계 ····································································15
(1) 직업능력개발사업 체계 ··········································································15
(2) 주요 사업의 교육훈련 현황 ··································································16
(3) 교육훈련 기관 현황 ···············································································19
2. 주요 기관별 교육훈련 현황 ·······································································20
(1) 직업전문교육훈련 기관 현황 ································································20
(2) 건설 관련 특성화고 교육 현황 ·····························································22
3. 시사점 ·········································································································24

Ⅳ. 중기 건설업 근로자 수급 모형 구축 ···············································25
1. 건설투자 중기 전망 및 분석 대상 ····························································25
2. 경제 이론 측면의 노동수요와 공급 검토 ·················································29
3. 노동수요 및 노동공급 추정 모형 및 추정 결과 : 실증분석 ··················31
(1) 건설근로자 수요 모형 추정 결과 ·························································32
(2) 건설근로자 공급 모형 추정 결과 ·························································32

Ⅴ. 중기 건설업 근로자 수급 전망 ························································35
1. 연도별 건설근로자 수급 전망 ····································································35
2. 직종별 건설근로자 수급 전망 ····································································36
3. 지역별 건설근로자 수급 전망 ··································································40

Ⅵ. 정책 제언 ·····························································································45
1. 내국인력을 고려한 외국인 건설근로자의 적정 규모 ·······························45
2. 정책 제언 ·····································································································46
(1) 외국인 고용제한 행정처분 사면 및 처분기준 완화 ···························46
(2) 외국인 배정·처분 기준 일원화 ···························································47
(3) 중장기 인력수급 계획 마련 ··································································47

1. 연구의 배경 및 방법 - 건설업은 내국인 근로자의 고령화와 청년층 건설현장 취업 기피 현상으로 산업의 구인난이 심 화되고 있는 상황임. 동시에 건설현장의 합법적인 외국인력 배정은 코로나19 이후 크게 줄어들 어 건설현장의 애로사항은 커지고 있음. - 본 연구에서는 건설현장의 외국인 근로자 실태를 조사하고, 건설근로자의 수요 및 공급을 전망 하고자 함. 또한, 전망 결과를 토대로 공종별·직종별 인력난 현황을 파악해 중기 건설업 외국인 근로자 도입의 적정 규모를 산정하고자 함. 2. 건설업 내·외국인 근로자 현황 (1) 통계청 자료 기반 건설업 외국인 근로자 - 통계청의 ‘2021년 이민자 체류실태 및 고용조사’에 따르면, 전(全) 산업의 외국인 취업자는 2021 년 5월 기준 85만 5천명으로 이 중 건설업 종사자는 10만 200명으로 추산됨(전체 외국인 취업자 중 11.9% 차지). - 체류자격별 외국인 취업자를 살펴보면, 재외동포(F-4)가 27.7%, 비전문취업(E-9)이 25.3%로 전 체의 50% 이상을 차지함. 건설업의 경우 합법적으로 비전문취업자(E-9)와 방문취업자(H-2)만 을 고용할 수 있기 때문에 실제 건설업에 취업 중인 외국인 규모와 차이를 보임. - 국적별로는 아시아인이 90.4%로 대부분의 비중을 보이며 이 중 한국계 중국인이 39.8%로 과반 수 가까이 차지함. - 연령대별로는 30-39세가 33.1%로 가장 많았으며, 15-29세가 22.1%로 뒤를 잇고 있음. 즉, 40세 미만 청년층 외국인이 과반수를 차지해 젊은층의 유입이 많다는 것을 알 수 있음. (2) 건설근로자공제회 자료 기반 건설업 외국인 근로자 - 한편, 건설근로자공제회 자료에 따르면, 2021년 현재 외국인 건설근로자는 19만 3,585명인 것으로 나타남. 이는 전체 건설근로자의 12.4%로 앞서 통계청에서 조사한 건설업 종사자와는 다소 차이가 있음. · 통계청 조사의 경우 만 15세 이상 외국인(한국에 91일 이상 계속 거주한 상주인구 기준)과 최근 5 년 이내 귀화허가자를 대상으로 하고 있어 퇴직공제 피공제자로서 건설 기능인력의 전 직종을 포 괄하고 있는 건설근로자공제회 자료와는 차이를 보임. - 연령별 분포를 살펴보면, 2021년 기준 50대 이상이 45.6%로 내국인 근로자와 비교해 볼 때 상대 적으로 젊다는 것을 알 수 있음. 직종별로는 2021년 기준 형틀목공이 24.5%, 보통인부가 23.7%, 철근공이 13.6% 순으로 많았음. - 주로 내국인이 기피하는 직종(힘을 많이 요하는 직종)에 외국인 근로자가 많음을 고려해 볼 때 청년층의 유입이 상대적으로 더 높을 수밖에 없을 것임. - 현재 건설근로자 관련 교육훈련은 크게 직업전문교육과 학교 교육으로 나뉨. · 직업전문교육기관은 국토교통부에서 지정한 4대 거점교육기관(건설기술교육원, 전문건설공제조합 기술교육원, 부산광역시 건설기술교육원, 전북대학교 목조전문인력양성사업단)과 그 외 민간교육 기관(고용노동부 HRD-net에 등록된 건설 관련 교육기관)이 있음. 이들 교육기관은 주로 40대 이 상의 구직자를 대상으로 하고 있으며, 고용노동부의 고용보험기금으로 운영됨. · 학교 교육기관은 크게 고등학교(마이스터고, 특성화고) 교육, 자체사업으로 추진하는 도제식 교육 (전문건설공제조합 도제식 훈련 지원사업, 건설근로자공제회 뉴 마이스터 사업) 및 폴리텍 대학 교 육 등이 있음. 이 중 특성화고의 산학일체형 도제학교는 일학습병행제를 고교 과정에 적용해 운용 하는 제도임.