[목 차]

국문요약 ······································································································3

제1장 서론 ·································································································13
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ··············································································14
2. 선행연구 검토 및 연구의 차별성 ···························································17
3. 연구의 구성 및 방법론 ··········································································21

제2장 대내외 환경 분석 및 카타르 주요 정책 ·················································23
1. 정치 및 외교 ··························································································24
2. 거시경제 ································································································30
3. 지속가능한 성장을 위한 주요 정책 ·······················································38
가. 카타르 주요 혁신 과제 ·····································································38
나. 카타르 국가비전 2030(Qatar National Vision 2030) ···············39
다. 외국인직접투자 유치 ·······································································43

제3장 한ㆍ카타르 협력 현황과 분야별 주요 협력 과제 ···································49
1. 한ㆍ카타르 협력 현황 ············································································50
2. 분야별 협력 과제 ···················································································61
가. 석유화학 및 친환경에너지 ·······························································63
나. 디지털 기술 확대 ·············································································70
다. 식량 및 수자원 안보 ········································································79
라. 교육 ·································································································91
마. 보건의료 ··························································································97

제4장 결론 및 시사점 ················································································107
1. 연구 결과 요약 ····················································································108
2. 협력 시사점 ·························································································110
참고문헌 ··································································································117

Executive Summary ·············································································132

카타르를 포함한 GCC 국가 경제는 석유와 천연가스 수출에 의존하는 형태 로 성장해왔다. 그러나 이러한 경제발전 모형은 천연자원 판매 수익이 국제 가 격 변동성에 영향을 많이 받는다는 점과 저탄소 경제로의 전환에 따라 화석연 료에 대한 수요가 점차 감소할 것이라는 점 때문에 장기적으로 지속가능하지 않다는 것이 중론이다. 이에 따라 카타르, UAE, 그리고 사우디아라비아 등 GCC 국가는 지속가능한 성장을 위해 경제 다각화와 신산업에 대한 투자를 이 어가고 있다. 그중에서도 카타르는 전체 수출 대비 천연가스 의존도가 약 82%(2020년 기 준)에 달하고 있으며 천연가스를 지속가능한 성장을 위한 도구이자 대외 영향 력 강화를 위해 활용하고 있다.1) 러시아, 이란에 이어 천연가스 부존량이 세계 에서 셋째로 높은 카타르는 자국의 가스 생산량을 바탕으로 역내 주요 강대국 사이에서 실리 외교를 펼치면서 외연을 확장해가고 있다. 특히 카타르는 1990 년대 중반 LNG 생산 역량을 갖추면서 천연가스 수출이 급증했고 이를 바탕으 로 사우디아라비아로부터 벗어나 독자적인 외교 노선을 갖출 수 있는 계기를 마련하였다. 최근 유럽의회는 EU 녹색산업 분류체계에 천연가스와 원자력을 포함시키는 안을 통과시켰으며 이에 따라 유럽 내 가스 및 원자력 발전소 건립 이 가능해졌다.2) 이는 천연가스 주요 수출국인 카타르에 호재로 작용하고 있으 며 특히 천연가스가 녹색에너지로 분류되면서 카타르의 영향력은 더욱 강화될 것으로 보인다. 카타르는 이집트, 사우디아라비아, 이란 등 역내 강대국 사이에서 실리 외교 를 펼치기 위해 국가 브랜드 제고를 위한 문화 및 스포츠 외교 확대, 자국 내 외국 군대 주둔 허용 등을 통해 활발한 외교전을 펼치는 국가 중 하나로서 중재 외교를 펼치면서 중재국의 지위를 확보해가고 있다.3) 그뿐 아니라 이란, 튀르 키예 등의 국가와도 협력을 확대해왔으며 이집트 무슬림 형제단을 지원하는 등 GCC 내 타 국가와는 다른 독자적인 행보를 보인 바 있다. 이로 인해 2017년 사우디아라비아, UAE, 이집트, 바레인 등이 카타르와 국교를 단절하기도 하였 다. 그러나 카타르는 GCC 국가와의 단교 이후에도 이란, 튀르키예 등과의 협 력을 통해 식량 수급 등 자국 안보 위협 요인을 제거하고자 했으며 미국, 쿠웨 이트 등의 노력에 힘입어 2021년 결국 카타르와 아랍 4개국(사우디아라비아, UAE, 바레인, 이집트)의 외교관계는 복원되었다.4) 외교 복원 이후 카타르가 GCC에 다시 합류함으로써 오히려 UAE의 GCC 내 영향력이 축소될 것이라는 전망이 나오기도 하였다.